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 World-Wide Web 
 
 Date template updated or checked:      28th October, 1992 
 By: Name:                              Tim Berners-Lee 
     Email address:                     timbl@info.cern.ch 
  
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 NIR Tool Name:            World-Wide Web 
  
 Brief Description of Tool: 
  
  The WWW project merges the techniques of information retrieval and hypertext 
  to make an easy but powerful global information system. 
  
  The project is based on the philosophy that much academic information should 
  be freely available to anyone. It aims to allow information sharing within 
  internationally dispersed teams, and the dissemination of information by 
  support groups.  Originally aimed at the High Energy Physics community, it 
  has spread to other areas and attracted much interest in user support, 
  resource discovery and collaborative work areas. 
  
  READER VIEW 
  
  The WWW world consists of documents, and links.  Indexes are special 
  documents which, rather than being read, may be searched. The result of such 
  a search is another ("virtual") document containing links to the documents 
  found.  A simple protocol (" HTTP ") is used to allow a browser program to 
  request a keyword search by a remote information server. 
  
  The web contains documents in many formats. Those documents which are 
  hypertext,  (real or virtual) contain links to other documents, or places 
  within documents. All documents, whether real, virtual or indexes, look 
  similar to the reader and are contained within the same addressing scheme. 
  
  To follow a link,  a reader clicks with a mouse (or types in a number if he 
  or she has no mouse). To search and index, a reader gives keywords (or other 
  search criteria). These are the only operations  necessary to access the 
  entire world of data. 
  
  INFORMATION PROVIDER VIEW 
  
  The WWW browsers can access many existing data systems via existing 
  protocols (FTP, NNTP) or via HTTP and a gateway. In this way, the critical 
  mass of data is quickly exceeded, and the increasing use of the system by 
  readers and information suppliers encourage each other. 
  
  Making a web is as simple as writing a few SGML files which point to your 
  existing data. Making it public involves running the FTP or HTTP daemon , 
  and making at least one link into your web from another. In fact,  any file 
  available by anonymous FTP can be immediately linked into a web. The very 
  small start-up effort is designed to allow small contributions.  At the 
  other end of the scale, large information providers may provide an HTTP 
  server with full text or keyword indexing. This may allow access to a large 
  existing database without changing the way that database is managed. Such 
  gateways have already been made into Digital's VMS/Help, Technical Univerity 
  of Graz's "Hyper-G", and Thinking Machine's "W.A.I.S." systems. 
  
  The WWW model gets over the frustrating incompatibilities of data format 
  between suppliers and reader by allowing negotiation of format between a 
  smart browser and a smart server. This should provide a basis for extension 
  into multimedia, and allow those who share application standards to make 
  full use of them across the web. 
  
  This summary does not describe the many exciting possibilities opened up by 
  the WWW project, such as efficient document caching. the reduction of 
  redundant out-of-date copies, and the use of knowledge daemons. There is 
  more information in the online project documentation, including some 
  background on hypertext and many technical notes. 
  
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 Primary Contact(s): 
  
  Name:                Tim Berners-Lee 
  Email address:       timbl@info.cern.ch 
  Postal Address:      CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 
  Telephone:           +41(22)767 3755 
  Fax:                 +41(22)767 7155 
  
  Name:                Robert Cailliau 
  Email address:       cailliau@cernnext.cern.ch 
  Postal Address:      CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 
  Telephone:           +41(22)767 5005 
  Fax:                 +41(22)767 7155 
  
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 Help Line (for major center as well as each client): 
  
  Name:                www support 
  Email address:       www-bug@info.cern.ch 
  
  Telephone:           none. 
  Telnet:              info.cern.ch for information. 
  
  Level of support offered: 
  
       o funded                for High-Energy Physics users 
  
       o volunteer             for others who have read the online 
                               information already. 
  
  While CERN collaborates with all NIR and W3 development anywhere, we 
  cannot provide user support for non-HEP users. 
  
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 Related Working Groups:                   NIR, URL 
  
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 Sponsoring Organisations / Funding source:        CERN 
  
  Also other HEP labs (SLAC, FNAL, NIKHEF, etc), 
  O'Reilly Associates, 
  New Jersey Institute of Technology 
  
  Other sources welcomed! 
  
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 Mailing Lists: 
  
  
  1. Address:          www-talk@info.cern.ch for CONTRIBUTIONS ONLY 
  
     Administration:   listserv@info.cern.ch      (robot) 
                       www-talk-request@info.cern.ch (human) 
  
     Description:      Technical discussion, W3 related 
  
     Archive:          Not currently served, but kept. 
  
 
                         ------------------- 
  
  2. Address:          www-announce@info.cern.ch 
                       NOT FOR GENERAL USE - serious low-volume 
                                            announcements only 
  
     Administration:   listserv@info.cern.ch            (robot) 
                       www-announce-request@info.cern.ch (human) 
  
     Description:      Low volume summary announcemements 
                       of product releases, etc. 
  
     Archive:          Not currently public 
  
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 News groups:           cern.www.talk, cern.www.announce 
                        (limited distribution, gatewayed from 
                        mail lists) 
  
                        (May move into comp.inforsystems) 
  
  
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 Protocols: 
  
  What is supported:   HTTP 
                       WAIS* 
                       FTP 
                       anonymous FTP 
                       Gopher 
                       NNTP 
                       Local mounted file access 
                       Telnet sessions 
                       Rlogin sessions 
  
  What it runs over:   TCP/IP 
                       DECnet option. 
  
  Other NIR servers W3 clients interworks with: 
                       *WAIS via gateway. 
                       Built-in capability in clients for others above 
                       Archie access via WAIS archie server 
                         with direct link to FTP sites. 
  
  Future plans: 
  
               HTTP: format negotiation (prototype runs now). 
                       Graphics, TeX etc presentation 
                       Custom application data formats 
  
               Built-in WAIS handling 
               Hypertext editors for information organisation 
  
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 HTTP Servers: 
  
  Platform:    unix, VMS, VM/XA, VM/CMS 
  
  Primary Contact                      www-bug@info.cern.ch 
  Server software available from: 
  
       ftp://info.cern.ch/pub/www/src 
  
  Location of more information: 
  
       http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Daemon/User/Guide.html 
  
  Latest version number:               0.4 
  
  Brief Scope and Characteristics: 
  
       Fast stateless file server runs over TCP/IP. 
       Suitable for rapind documentation navigation. 
  
  Approximate number of such servers in use:   40 
  
  General comments: 
  
       Some servers serve many databases. 
       Version 0.5 will allow directories to be exported as 
         hypertext automatically, and shell scripts for 
         indexing and providing virtual hypertext spaces 
         to be embedded in the information space. 
  
       Many tools available for serving different sorts 
       of information 
  
               Gnu info 
               teX 
               SGML 
               man pages 
  
       etc as hypertext. 
  
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 Mail Server: 
  
  Platform:    unix 
  
  Primary Contact                      www-bug@info.cern.ch 
  Server software available from: 
  
       ftp://info.cern.ch/pub/www/src/WWWMailRobot_*.tar.Z 
  
  Location of more information: 
  
       http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/MailRobot/Overview.html 
  
  Latest version number:               1.0 
  
  Brief Scope and Characteristics: 
  
       Mailing list subscription/unsubscription handling 
       Return of documents given URL 
  
       Restricts length of data returned. 
       Allows access to ANY document by URL unless restrictions 
       are imposed (FTP, news, etc, included). Quite generic. 
  
       When hypertext messages are retrieved, the links are 
       numbered like [1] and a list of URLs of referenced documents 
       is appended to the document. 
  
       Send message containing HELP for details. 
  
  Approximate number of such servers in use:   1 (-3?) 
  
  General comments 
  
       Extends potential readership of W3 information to anyone 
       with email, so an important step for universal readership. 
  
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 Client:           Viola 
  
  Date completed or updated:   29th October, 1992 
  By: Name:                    Tim Berners-Lee 
      Email address:           timbl@info.cern.ch 
  
  Platform:                    X (sun4, sgi, rs6000, decstation, etc) 
  
  Primary Contact: 
  
       Name:                   Pei Y Wei, O'Reilly Associates, 
                               Sebastopol, CA, USA 
       Email address:          wei@xcf.berkeley.edu 
  
  Client software available from: 
  
               ftp://info.crn.ch/pub/www/src 
               ftp://xcf.berkeley.edu/pub/local 
  
  Location of more information: 
  
       http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Status.html 
       and linked documents 
  
  Latest version number:       90730 
  
  Brief Scope and Characteristics: 
  
   A browser based on the "Viola" hypertext system.  Multifont, neat 
   buttons.  One text window with "clone" facility.  Bookmarks.  History 
   list. 
  
  
  General comments: 
  
   Requires X but not Motif.  Some quirky behaviour worth tolerating for 
   an oterwise excelent product 
  
  Future plans: 
  
   Future enhancements to include graphics and general SGML support (not 
   yet released but in prototype). 
  
  
  Demonstration sites : 
  
               xcf.berkely.edu used to. Ask Pei. 
               It is rather slow to remotely demo X applications. 
  
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 Client:           Erise Browser 
  
  Date completed or updated:   29th October, 1992 
  By: Name:                    Tim Berners-Lee 
      Email address:           timbl@info.cern.ch 
  
  Platform:                    X (sun4, decstation) 
  
  Primary Contact 
  
       Name:                   Ari Lemmke, HUT, Finland 
       Email address:          arl@cs.hut.fi 
  
  Client software available from: 
  
               ftp://nic.funet.fi/  @@@ check this when its not busy 
               ftp://info.cern.ch/pub/www/bin/*/erwise 
  
  Location of more information: 
  
       http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Status.html 
  
  Latest version number:       - 
  
  Brief Scope and Characteristics: 
  
   A browser based on Motif.  Multifont. Multiple text windows. 
  
  
  General comments: 
  
   A few quirks (difficulty of launching) and lack of current support 
   make this a less practical choice. 
  
  Future plans: 
  
   None as far as I know. 
  
  Demonstration sites : 
 
   None 
  
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 Client:            MidasWWW 
  
  Date completed or updated:   29th October, 1992    
  By: Name:                    Tim Berners-Lee 
      Email address:           timbl@info.cern.ch 
  
  Platform:                    X (sun4, sgi, rs6000, decstation, etc) 
  
  Primary Contact: 
  
       Name:                   Tony Johnson, Boston Univ 
       Email address:          TONYJ@scs.slac.stanford.edu 
       Phone                   +1 (415) 926 2278 
  
  Client software available: 
  
               "within a day or two (29-Oct-92 10:41)". 
  
  Location of more information: 
  
       http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Status.html 
       and linked documents 
  
  Latest version number:       - 
  
  Brief Scope and Characteristics: 
  
   A browser based on the "Midas" object oriented Motif widget system. 
   Multifont, neat buttons, Motif look and feel.  One text window with 
   "clone" facility.  Bookmarks.  History list. 
  
  
  General comments: 
  
   Requires Motif.  Looks extremely interesting.  In use at SLAC since a 
   few months ago, but not on general release quite yet.  Ported already 
   to several X platforms. 
  
  Future plans: 
  
   Future enhancements to include graphics and document creation and 
   editing. 
  
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 Client:           Line Mode Browser 
  
  Date completed or updated:   29th October, 1992 
  By: Name:                    Tim Berners-Lee 
      Email address:           timbl@info.cern.ch 
  
  Platform:                    X (sun4, sgi, rs6000, decstation, etc) 
  
  Primary Contact: 
  
  By: Name:                    Tim Berners-Lee 
      Email address:           timbl@info.cern.ch 
  
  Client software available from: 
  
       ftp://info.crn.ch/pub/www/src 
  
  Location of more information: 
  
       http://info.cern.ch./hypertext/WWW/LineMode/Browser.html 
       and linked documents 
  
  Latest version number:       90730 
  
  Brief Scope and Characteristics: 
  
   The LineMode Browser is suitable for use on dumb terminals, requiring 
   no control sequences except for carriage return and line feed.  It is 
   also of course useable from terminal emulators in workstation windows. 
   It can also be used as a text formatter, as part of a mail server, and 
   as a general information retrieval tool. 
  
   History list, Back/Next/Previous/Home navigation, ability to print or 
   save documents (or pipe to shell commands on unix). 
  
  
 General comments: 
  
  Very stable product which has many uses apart from interactive use. 
  Source release requires W3 library product. 
  
 Future plans: 
  
  Future enhancements to include tracing of many links.  Curses 
  full-screen operation not yet released. 
  
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 Demonstration sites : 
  
  telnet info.cern.ch or telnet 128.141.201.74 (SWITZERLAND) 
  telnet eies2.njit.edu or telnet 128.235.1.43 (USA [NJ]) 
  telnet vms.huji.ac.il or telnet 128.139.4.3  (ISRAEL) 
  telnet info.funet.fi or telnet 128.214.6.100 (FINLAND) 
  
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 Client:           NJIT Full screen browser 
  
  Date completed or updated:   29th October, 1992 
  By: Name:                    Tim Berners-Lee 
      Email address:           timbl@info.cern.ch 
  
  Platform:                    various 
  
  Primary Contact: 
  
  By: Name:                    James Whitescarver, 
                               New Jersey Institute of Technology 
      Email address:           jim@eies2.njit.edu 
  
  Client software available from: 
  
       Not yet. 
  
  Location of more information: 
  
       http://info.cern.ch./hypertext/WWW/LineMode/Browser.html 
       and linked documents 
  
  Latest version number:       "Experimental" 
  
  Brief Scope and Characteristics: 
  
   A full-screen version of the line mode browser, with highlighting and 
   cursor control. 
  
  
  General comments: 
  
   Watch the demonstration site for news. 
  
  
 Demonstration sites : 
  
  telnet eies2.njit.edu or telnet 128.235.1.43 (USA [NJ]) 
  
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 Documentation: 
  
  All the W3 documentation available is in the web.  Some is also dumped 
  off into postscript.  Here are the URLs of entry points into the web 
  for the subjects requested: 
  
  ** To retrieve any document by URL, use WWW (www <url> for example) or 
  ** send mail containing the command "send " followed by the URl to 
  ** listserv@info.cern.ch 
  
  
        o current overview 
  
                http://info.cern.ch./hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html 
  
        o executive summary 
  
                http://info.cern.ch./hypertext/WWW/Summary.html 
  
        o   instructions to information providers 
  
                http://info.cern.ch./hypertext/WWW/Provider/Overview.html 
  
        o   Frequently Asked Questions 
  
                http://info.cern.ch./hypertext/WWW/FAQ/List.html 
  
        o   user manuals 
                See under individual products. 
  
                ftp://info.cern.ch/pub/www/doc/*.txt 
  
        o   training materials 
  
                Postcript of tarnsparencies from talks: see 
                ftp://info.cern.ch/pub/www/doc 
  
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 Bibliography: 
  
  o For latest list, see: 
           http://info.cern.ch./hypertext/WWW/Bibliography.html 
  
  The following list papers and articles anout the W3 initiative and related 
  matters which you may want to pick up for background reading or quote as  
  references.  You can of course also quote any page you read with w3 by its  
  document address. 
  
  
 Introduction to W3 
  
  T.J. Berners-Lee, R. Cailliau, J-F Groff, B. Pollermann, CERN, "World-Wide 
  Web: The Information Universe", published in "Electronic Networking: 
  Research, Applications and Policy", Vol. 2 No 1, Spring 1992, Meckler 
  Publishing, Westport, CT, USA. 
  
  
  The global hypertext dream comes true in practice. 
  
  
  Pick up the preprint in postscript form by anonymous FTP to info.cern.ch, in 
  /pub/www/doc/, filename ENRAP_9202.ps. 
  
  
 The Whole Internet 
  
  Krol, Ed,  "The Whole INTERNET User's Guide and Catalog". Sebastopol CA, 
  O'Reilly & Associates, 1992.  ISBN=1-56592-025-2. 
  
  
  A book all about using the internet, for professionals but not necessarily 
  computer professionals.  Has a chapter on WWW specifically, and an appendix 
  with a list of some resources available on the net. 
  
  
 Technical Overview of W3 
  
  T.J. Berners-Lee, R. Cailliau, J-F Groff, B. Pollermann, CERN, "World-Wide 
  Web: An Information Infrastructure for High-Energy Phsyics", Presented at 
  "Articicial Inteligence and Software Engineering for High Energy Physics" 
  in La Londe, France, January 1992. Proceedings to be published by World 
  Scientific, Singapore, ed. D Perret-Gallix. 
  
  
  Aimed at system managers and software engineers. 9 pages. The W3 
  architecture diagram, a usage graph, and some examples of hypertext formats, 
  etc. 
  
  
  Pick up the preprint in postscript form by anonymous FTP to info.cern.ch, in 
  /pub/www/doc/, filename www-for-hep.ps. 
  
  
  ( Writenow , postscript ) 
  
  
 Line Mode Browser user guide 
  
  A dump of the line mode browser hypertext user guide into plain text. Also 
  available in our anonymous FTP archive, to get you started, as 
  /pub/www/doc/line-mode-guide.txt 
  
  
  (plain text) 
  
  
 The "W3 Book" 
  
  If you want technical details, we recommend browsing the web, for the latest 
  versions of all our thoughts we have had time to type in. If you want to 
  take it on the plane, then we occasionally dump a part of the hypertext onto 
  paper. This is the "World-Wide Web Book". 
  
  
  See the introductory page for contents overview. 
  
  
  Around 50 pages,  cut down to handy A4 size (like your PC documentation!). 
  Pick it up in postscript or LateX form by anonymous FTP to info.cern.ch in 
  /pub/www/doc as files the_www_book.ps and the_www_book.tex. 
  
  
 Universal Document Identifiers 
  
  Naming and addressing discussed, UDI proposal. Produced for the March92 
  IETF. Also an OSI-DS draft. 14 pages. Pick it up in postscript form or plain 
  ASCII by anonymous FTP from info.cern.ch in /pub/www/doc as file udi1.ps or 
  udi1.txt. 
  
  
  (postscript, plain text , writenow ) 
  
  
 W3, WAIS and x500 
  
  Discussion of convergence, what W3 needs from the WAIS and x500 protocols. 
  
  
  Also an OSI-DS draft. You can pick it up in postscript form by anonymous FTP 
  from info.cern.ch in /pub/www/doc as file wais-x500-w3.ps. 
  
  
 Non-technical articles 
  
  ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING AND VISIONS OF HYPERTEXT 
  
  
  Published  in "Physics World", Vol.5 No 6, June 1992. Tim Berners-Lee 
  discusses the impact of global hypertext on academic publishing. 
  
  
  THE POTENTIAL OF COMPUTER NETWORKS (TITLE?) 
  
  
  "The Economist", June 20th-26th 1992, by ???. A four-page feature on the 
  potential of computer networks, mentioning WAIS and WWW. 
  
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 Other Information: 
  
  Seek and ye shall find. And if ye don't, mail someone to fix it. 
  
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 Evaluation: 
  
